Year % of male labor force with advanced education 1997 1.296 1998 2.505 1999 1.452 2000 1.561 2001 1.085 2002 1.243 2003 1.285 2004 1.512 2005 2.272 2006 2.653 2007 2.415 2008 2.255 2009 3.644 2010 5.034 2011 4.252 2012 4.305 2013 3.554 2014 2.798 2015 2.197 2016 1.769 2017 1.408 2018 1.17 2019 1.505 2020 1.58 2021 1.647 2022 1.386 2023 1.582