Year % of male labor force with advanced education 1970 3.099 1980 1.327 1991 0.426 2000 1.253 2008 3.54 2009 3.15 2010 2.79 2015 3.12 2016 3.64 2018 3.57 2019 3.5 2020 4.63 2021 4.28 2022 3.15