Year % of male labor force with advanced education 1987 4.193 1988 4.022 1989 5.197 1990 4.141 1991 4.317 1992 5.325 1993 6.036 1994 5.489 1995 5.573 1996 5.378 1997 5.524 1998 5.841 1999 5.72 2000 5.065 2001 4.999 2002 4.842 2003 4.44 2004 4.959 2005 4.703 2006 4.325 2007 4.328 2008 4.436 2009 5.037 2010 7.03 2011 10.602 2012 14.785 2013 16.52 2014 17.386 2015 16.24 2016 13.348 2017 12.11 2018 10.049 2019 8.222 2020 8.747 2021 8.312 2022 6.918 2023 6.225