Year % of total labor force (national estimate) 1971 2.1 1972 2.7 1973 2.8 1974 3 1975 5.1 1976 6.5 1977 5.67 1978 7.9 1979 6.96 1980 9.1 1981 11.35 1982 13 1983 11.66 1984 11.882 1985 11.321 1986 11.28 1987 11.257 1988 10.128 1989 8.284 1990 7.25 1991 6.984 1992 6.702 1993 8.078 1994 9.645 1995 9.337 1996 9.483 1997 8.95 1998 9.323 1999 8.649 2000 6.586 2001 6.178 2002 6.91 2003 7.68 2004 7.363 2005 8.44 2006 8.246 2007 7.459 2008 6.976 2009 7.908 2010 8.293 2011 7.14 2012 7.542 2013 8.425 2014 8.523 2015 8.482 2016 7.83 2017 7.09 2018 5.941 2019 5.364 2020 5.545 2021 6.248 2022 5.57 2023 5.528