Year % of total labor force (national estimate) 1972 3.06 1973 2.78 1976 1.92 1977 2.32 1978 2.36 1979 2.76 1981 3.99 1982 4.83 1983 4.62 1984 4.04 1985 3.38 1986 2.37 1987 3.56 1988 3.79 1989 4.145 1990 4.703 1992 7.086 1993 6.03 1995 7.092 1996 8.035 1997 9.003 1998 10.15 1999 11.125 2001 10.649 2002 10.641 2003 11.169 2004 10.072 2005 10.551 2006 9.692 2007 9.28 2008 8.268 2009 9.419 2011 7.578 2012 7.251 2013 7.071 2014 6.755 2015 8.538 2016 11.58 2017 12.792 2018 12.33 2019 11.936 2020 13.697 2021 13.159 2022 9.231 2023 7.947