Year % of male labor force with advanced education 1990 5.327 1991 7.149 1992 8.552 1993 8.54 1994 7.91 1995 6.876 1996 6.918 1997 6.367 1998 5.816 1999 5.354 2000 4.771 2001 5.534 2002 5.915 2003 5.817 2004 5.429 2005 5.158 2006 4.944 2007 4.587 2008 4.938 2009 7.135 2010 6.511 2011 5.863 2012 5.801 2013 5.621 2014 5.694 2015 5.699 2016 5.951 2017 5.374 2018 4.744 2019 4.661 2020 7.59 2021 6.012 2022 4.112 2023 4.301