Year % of total labor force (national estimate) 1975 0.3 1976 0.7 1977 0.4 1978 0.4 1979 0.4 1980 0.2 1981 0.2 1982 0.4 1983 0.9 1984 1.1 1985 1 1986 0.8 1987 0.8 1988 0.7 1989 0.6 1990 2.07 1991 1.818 1992 2.344 1993 3.551 1994 3.58 1995 3.094 1996 3.684 1997 4.127 1998 3.568 1999 3.053 2000 2.658 2001 2.49 2002 2.924 2003 4.117 2004 4.316 2005 4.437 2006 3.995 2007 3.641 2008 3.35 2009 4.109 2010 4.808 2011 4.409 2012 4.491 2013 4.747 2014 4.826 2015 4.801 2016 4.918 2017 4.797 2018 4.713 2019 4.394 2020 4.817 2021 5.097 2022 4.3 2023 4.05